Launceston
Launceston is a town, old district, and civil parish in Cornwall, England, UK. It is 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) west of the middle stage of the River Tamar, which comprises almost the whole border between Cornwall and also Devon. The landscape of the community is usually steep particularly at a sharp south-western ridge topped by Launceston Castle. These gradients fall down to the River Kensey and also smaller sized tributaries. The town centre itself is bypassed as well as is no more literally a primary highway. The A388 still goes through the community close to the centre. The community stays figuratively the "portal to Cornwall", due to having the A30, among both dual carriageways into the region, pass directly beside the community. The other double carriageway and also alternate bottom line of entry is the A38 at Saltash over the Tamar Bridge and also was finished in 1962. There are smaller points of entry to Cornwall on small roads. Launceston Steam Railway narrow-gauge heritage railway runs as a visitor destination throughout the summer season. It was brought back for visual as well as industrial heritage functions as well as leaves a short rural route, it is prominent with visitors but does not run for much of the year. Launceston Castle was constructed by Robert, Count of Mortain (half-brother of William the Conqueror) c. 1070 to control the surrounding area. Launceston was the caput of the feudal barony of Launceston as well as of the Earldom of Cornwall up until replaced by Lostwithiel in the 13th century. Launceston was later the county town of Cornwall up until 1835 when Bodmin changed it. 2 civil parishes offer the community and also its outskirts, of which the main even more built-up management system housed 8,952 residents at the 2011 census. Three electoral wards include referral to the town, their overall population, from 2011 census data, being 11,837 and also 2 ecclesiastical parishes serve the former solitary parish, with 3 churches as well as a huge swathe of land to the north and also west part of the area. Launceston's motto "Royale et Loyale" (English translation: Royal and Loyal) is a referral to its adherence to the Cavalier cause during the English Civil War of the mid-17th century.